National Infrastructure Systems Model setup, configuration and tests
NISMOD (National Infrastructure Systems Model) is an integrated model of infrastructure systems, developed as part of the ITRC/MISTRAL project.
NISMOD v2 has several components:
HIRE (HIgh-Resolution Energy demand model) simulates energy demand for the United Kingdom at an hourly / Local Authority District scale.
Future energy demand is simulated based on different scenario data and socio-technical drivers such as technological efficiencies, changes in the technological mix of an end use, consumption and behavioural change.
Scenario data includes population, regional Gross Value Added, residential and commercial floorspace, and temperature.
Outputs are energy demand per sector (residential/commercial/industrial), per LAD, per hour, per fuel. These do not include transport energy demand, which is provided by the NISMOD transport model.
The NISMOD Energy Supply model provides the capability to perform integrated analyses of the whole energy system in Great Britain from supply sources, generation, transmission, distribution and end-use.
The model is built on an optimisation framework. It performs integrated optimal operation of the energy system across electricity, gas, heat, and hydrogen networks.
Inputs include demand for each fuel, as well as wind speed, insolation, interconnector prices, and biomass and solid waste available as feedstock. For transport end uses, both electricity demand and battery storage capacity are provided with the option to allow V2G/G2V.
Outputs include electricity generation by technology, both transmission grid connected and local (heat, renewables) within the energy hubs, gas usage by source, storage levels, fresh water demand and emissions.
NISMOD v2 Transport Model is a national-scale (Great Britain) transport model developed to support policy making regarding the future infrastructure.
It forecasts the impact of various endogenous and exogenous factors on transport demand and capacity utilisation, following an elasticity-based simulation methodology.
The model consists of three submodels covering the following modes of transport: road (passenger and freight vehicle flows), rail (total station usage), and air (domestic and international passenger movements).
The WREW water resource system model of England and Wales includes major water supply assets (reservoirs, boreholes, transfers, water treatment works, pumped storage, desalination plants and river abstraction points).
The model simulates water supply at a daily timestep, testing potential system interventions under scenarios of future flows and future demand.
Key outputs include water supplied, shortfall and storage at the network node level (demand zone / reservoir), along with the days where the model would introduce varying levels of restrictions on public supply.
The cdcam model can undertake system-level evaluation of wireless networks, to help quantify the capacity, coverage and cost of different 5G deployment strategies.
The capacity of a wireless network in a local area is estimated using the density of existing cellular sites, the spectrum portfolio deployed and the current technologies being used (either 4G or 5G for mass data transfer).
When supply- side infrastructure changes are made, such as building new cellular sites or adding new spectrum bands, the incremental enhancement of such decisions can be quantified in terms of the improved cellular capacity and coverage, as well as in terms of the required investment.